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HEDGE FUND MANAGEMENT STYLES

One of the great features of hedge funds is the number of management styles that can be brought to bear to achieve goals. Following are 9 of the main strategies used to profit from market discrepancies and pricing.

Global Macro: This strategy seeks to take advantage of country, regional and/or economic changes affecting securities, commodities, and interest and currency rates by taking large directional positions in specific markets using a top-down analysis of macroeconomic and financial conditions.There are several different sub-strategies used within a Global Macro strategy such as discretionary and systemic trading strategies.

Example: The Manager believes that Europe is heading into a recession and short sells shares on the major European indices.At the same time, he/she feels Japan is about to begin a major recovery, and therefore takes long positions on Japanese equities.

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Merger Arbitrage: Merger arbitrage is designed to profit from the successful completion of announced merger and acquisition (“M&A”) transactions involving publicly owned companies.Typically, long stock positions are taken in companies that are takeover targets, and short positions are implemented in companies doing the acquisitions.

Example: Company A intends to takeover Company B.The Manager would purchase shares in Company B, and short sell shares in Company A.

Convertible Arbitrage: This strategy attempts to exploit periodic securities mispricings by purchasing convertible debt securities of corporations while simultaneously hedging the underlying risk of the share price by shorting the stock against the value of the debt securities.

Example: The Manager tries to aim for a buyers market for convertible shares from Company A and a seller’s market for regular shares from the same Company.The Manager’s position should generate profits from fixed income securities and short-sold shares, while protecting the capital from market fluctuations.

Tactical Market Timing: An equity-timing and asset allocation strategy developed by Norshield Asset Management for the U.S. equity markets. Its objective is to shift exposure between large-cap indices, small-cap indices and cash.

Managed Futures: A two-tiered trading strategy.The first tier combines short-term pattern recognition with a longterm trend-following approach.The second tier employs a fully systematic and automated trend-following approach, which tracks and trades futures contracts on over 60 markets worldwide.

Bond Fund Timing: A fixed-income mutual fund timing strategy that relies on a number of external fundamental and economic variables. The investment portfolio is exchanged between aggressive (typically
high-yield bond funds) and defensive (money market funds) mutual funds within the same mutual fund family at the discretion of the Manager.

Multi Strategy: Managers diversify their investment approach by using various arbitrage strategies simultaneously to realize long- and short-term gains.This allows managers to overweight or underweight different strategies to best capitalize on current investment opportunities.

Statistical Arbitrage: This strategy profits from pricing inefficiencies that are identified through the use of sophisticated quantitative models. Statistical arbitrage attempts to profit from the likelihood that prices will trend toward a historical norm while neutralizing the portfolio to exposure in a number of external factors (e.g. market exposure, sector exposure, market cap exposure).

Equity Long/Short: This hedge strategy involves equity-oriented investing on both the long and short sides of the market.The objective is not to be market neutral.Managers have the ability to shift from value to growth, from small to medium to large capitalization stocks, and from a net long position to a net short position.

Example: The Manager believes share A is undervalued and share B is overvalued.The Manager takes a long position in share A for it’s high return potential, and short sells share B to make a profit on the expected decrease in value.

Equity Market Neutral: Managers using this strategy create a portfolio with long positions in undervalued
securities and short positions in stocks they perceive to be overvalued.This concentrates the results on relative values and mitigates the dependence of portfolio performance on general market direction.

Example: The Manager buys a portfolio, which contains a basket of undervalued Canadian shares that represent a cross-section of Canadian industries.The Manager then short sells a portfolio of similar shares from similar industries represented in portfolio A that are judged to be overvalued.The combination of these two portfolios eliminates the market exposure and generates additional returns.

 

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